Plug-in solar laws in all 50 states
10 states have signed laws that let you plug a small solar kit into a wall outlet without a utility interconnection agreement. Most cap it at 1,200 W. Bills were filed in 25 other states and DC in 2026.
Checked October 29, 2026 against statutes, bill records and agency pages. Every state page lists its sources.
- Law in effect
- Signed, takes effect later
- Passed, awaiting governor
- No state law yet
States with a plug-in solar law
| State | Status | Effective | Size limit | Utility notice | Avg. price | Payback* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Utah HB 340 | Law in effect | May 7, 2025 | 1,200 W | None | 13.2¢ | 7.2 yr |
| Maryland HB 1532 | Law in effect | In force; the PSC lists utility notification contacts | 1,200 W | Notice before installing | 21.3¢ | 5.0 yr |
| Vermont S.202, Act 149 of 2026 | Law in effect | July 1, 2026 | 1,200 W | None | 23.9¢ | 4.8 yr |
| Maine LD 1730 | Law in effect | July 29, 2026 | 1,200 W | Only above 420 W | 30.2¢ | 3.7 yr |
| Connecticut HB 5340, Public Act 26-127 | Law in effect | October 1, 2026 | 1,200 W | None | 27.5¢ | 4.1 yr |
| California SB 868, Plug and Play Solar Act | Signed, not yet in effect | January 1, 2027 | 1,200 W | Online registration may be required | 32.6¢ | 2.7 yr |
| Colorado HB26-1007, Improve Customer Use Distributed Energy Resources | Signed, not yet in effect | Start of 2027 | Not confirmed | No approval required | 16.8¢ | 5.5 yr |
| New Hampshire SB 540 | Signed, not yet in effect | Partly January 1, 2027; use waits on a recognized safety standard | 1,200 W | Optional record | 26.9¢ | 4.1 yr |
| Virginia HB 395 / SB 250 | Signed, not yet in effect | January 1, 2027 | 1,200 W | Form before installing | 16.9¢ | 6.2 yr |
| New Jersey Garden State Balcony Solar Act, S2368 / A4836 | Signed, not yet in effect | March 1, 2027 | 1,200 W | None | 24.1¢ | 4.6 yr |
| New York SUNNY Act | Passed, awaiting governor | Would take effect 90 days after signing | 1,200 W | Online form (if signed) | 29.3¢ | 3.9 yr |
Bills still pending
These legislatures are still in session or have not finished with the bill.
District of Columbia
B26-0602: Introduced in the 26th Council; a public hearing was held March 26, 2026.
Details and savingsIllinois
SB 3104: Approved 9–4 by the Senate Energy and Public Utilities Committee on March 12, 2026, then stalled.
Details and savingsMassachusetts
H.5175: The House text defines a “portable solar generation device” of up to 1,200 W that plugs into a standard 120 V outlet (Section 19).
Details and savingsMichigan
HB 5764: Introduced March 19, 2026 by Rep.
Details and savingsNorth Carolina
H 1129: Referred to the House Committee on Rules, Calendar, and Operations on April 30, 2026.
Details and savingsOhio
HB 755: Introduced by Reps.
Details and savingsPennsylvania
HB 1971: Introduced with 31 sponsors and referred to the House Energy Committee on October 28, 2025.
Details and savingsAll other states
No plug-in solar law. Your utility's interconnection rules apply. Bills that died in 2026 are summarized on each page.
- Alabama No 2026 bill found 16.5¢/kWh average price
- Alaska HB 257 did not pass 27.3¢/kWh average price
- Arizona HB 2843, SB 1606 did not pass 15.4¢/kWh average price
- Arkansas No 2026 bill found 13.7¢/kWh average price
- Delaware SB 270 did not pass 18.0¢/kWh average price
- Florida No 2026 bill found 15.3¢/kWh average price
- Georgia HB 1304 did not pass 15.5¢/kWh average price
- Hawaii SB 2902 did not pass 46.4¢/kWh average price
- Idaho HB 612 did not pass 13.0¢/kWh average price
- Indiana SB 74 did not pass 17.0¢/kWh average price
- Iowa HF 2046 did not pass 14.6¢/kWh average price
- Kansas No 2026 bill found 15.3¢/kWh average price
- Kentucky No 2026 bill found 14.2¢/kWh average price
- Louisiana No 2026 bill found 13.3¢/kWh average price
- Minnesota HF 3555 did not pass 16.4¢/kWh average price
- Mississippi No 2026 bill found 15.1¢/kWh average price
- Missouri HB 2528 did not pass 14.3¢/kWh average price
- Montana No 2026 bill found 14.1¢/kWh average price
- Nebraska No 2026 bill found 12.9¢/kWh average price
- Nevada No 2026 bill found 13.4¢/kWh average price
- New Mexico SB 157 did not pass 15.3¢/kWh average price
- North Dakota No 2026 bill found 12.5¢/kWh average price
- Oklahoma HB 4060 did not pass 13.8¢/kWh average price
- Oregon HB 4080 did not pass 15.5¢/kWh average price
- Rhode Island H 7269 Sub A did not pass 29.1¢/kWh average price
- South Carolina H 4579 did not pass 15.9¢/kWh average price
- South Dakota No 2026 bill found 14.6¢/kWh average price
- Tennessee No 2026 bill found 13.8¢/kWh average price
- Texas No 2026 bill found 16.0¢/kWh average price
- Washington HB 2296 did not pass 14.4¢/kWh average price
- West Virginia HB 5648 did not pass 15.6¢/kWh average price
- Wisconsin No 2026 bill found 19.1¢/kWh average price
- Wyoming HB 146 did not pass 14.0¢/kWh average price
In Congress: Socket Full of Sunshine Act (H.R. 10851). Introduced in Congress on October 19, 2026 by Rep. Rob Menendez (D-N.J.). It would remove utility approval and fees for plug-in systems up to 1.2 kW nationwide, give state regulators two years to set a standard, bar landlords from blocking tenants with some exceptions, and fund state rebates of up to $1,000 for low- and middle-income households. Source.
Where a kit pays back fastest
*Payback for an 800 W kit hanging on a south-facing railing, $700, at each state's average 2026 residential price from EIA.